Baguio City is more than just cool weather and beautiful scenery; it’s home to a vibrant indigenous culture that deserves our respect and understanding. This guide helps you travel responsibly by learning about and honoring the traditions of the indigenous people of the Cordillera region.
Understanding the Cordillera and Its People
The Cordillera region, where Baguio is located, is made up of several provinces, each with its own unique indigenous groups. In and around Baguio, you’ll mostly encounter the Ibaloi and Kankanaey people. These groups have rich histories and cultural practices that have been passed down for generations. Knowing a little about their background can make your visit much more meaningful.
The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera have strong ties to the land. Their traditions, such as farming practices, rituals, and art, are deeply connected to the mountains and forests around them. Recognizing this connection is key to understanding and respecting their culture. For example, “swidden agriculture” which has been the traditional practice of the IPs in Cordillera, has been studied for it’s sustainability. To read more, you may find this study about Swidden Agriculture.
Learning a Few Basic Phrases
Making an effort to learn even a few simple words or phrases in Ibaloi or Kankanaey can go a long way in showing respect. Here are a couple of examples:
- “Masantabi” – This is not an Ibaloi or Kankanaey phrase, but it’s Filipino (Tagalog). It’s a polite way of saying “excuse me” especially when you are passing by someone, going to a sacred place, or doing something disruptive. Use this anywhere in the Philippines as a sign of respect.
- “Payew” – Rice Terraces in Kankanaey. Being familiar with the word helps express appreciation for this cultural treasure.
While resources for learning these languages might be limited online, try searching for local language tutorials or asking residents for a few common phrases. Small gestures of effort are almost always appreciated.
Respecting Sacred Sites
The Cordillera region is filled with places that are considered sacred by the indigenous people. These can include mountains, forests, springs, and burial grounds. It’s important to treat these sites with respect. Never leave trash behind, avoid making loud noises, and ask permission before taking photos, if you ever do.
Before visiting any area considered sacred, it’s best to inquire with local elders or community leaders about the proper etiquette. They can guide you on what is acceptable behavior and what to avoid. This shows that you value their traditions and are not intruding on their cultural space. For instance, you may want to learn about the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) to be better informed, but don’t treat them as a customer service contact.
Supporting Local Artisans and Businesses
One of the best ways to show respect for indigenous culture is by supporting local artisans and businesses. When you buy souvenirs, look for items that are made by local craftspeople using traditional methods. This helps to preserve their cultural heritage and provides them with a sustainable income.
Avoid buying mass-produced items that are marketed as “native” but are not actually made by indigenous people. These items often exploit the culture for profit without benefiting the community. Look for authentic crafts that tell a story and represent the unique skills of the Cordillera people. Some good examples of local crafts include wood carvings, hand-woven textiles, and traditional jewelry.
Appropriate Attire and Conduct
When visiting indigenous communities, it’s important to dress modestly and behave respectfully. Avoid wearing revealing clothing or engaging in behavior that could be seen as offensive or disrespectful. Remember that you are a guest in their home, and your actions should reflect that.
Pay attention to local customs and traditions. What is considered acceptable in one culture might not be in another. Observe how the locals behave and try to follow their example. For example, in some communities, it’s considered impolite to point directly at someone or to make direct eye contact for extended periods.
Avoiding Cultural Appropriation
Cultural appropriation is the act of taking elements from another culture without understanding or respecting their original meaning. This can be harmful, especially when it involves sacred symbols or traditions.
Be mindful of how you use indigenous designs or motifs. Avoid wearing traditional clothing or accessories as costumes or for purely aesthetic purposes. Instead, learn about the history and significance of these items and appreciate them for their cultural value. If you’re interested in incorporating indigenous designs into your own wardrobe, consider purchasing items directly from local artisans and asking them about the meaning behind their work.
The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA) or Republic Act No. 8371 aims to “protect and promote the rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples” of the Philippines. Read about the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 to understand in depth about cultural sensitivity.
Participating in Cultural Activities Responsibly
Many tourists are interested in experiencing indigenous cultural activities, such as dances, music performances, and traditional ceremonies. Participating in these activities can be a great way to learn about the culture firsthand, but it’s important to do so responsibly.
Always ask permission before taking photos or videos of cultural activities. Be respectful of the performers and their traditions. Avoid talking or making noise during performances. If you’re invited to participate, do so with humility and a willingness to learn. Offer a sincere thanks to those who share their culture with you.
The Importance of Informed Consent
Informed consent is a crucial element of responsible tourism. It means that you have the right to know about the potential impacts of your visit on the indigenous community and their environment. Before participating in any activity, ask questions and seek clarification if you’re unsure about anything.
Be aware of the potential for exploitation or harm. Some tourist activities can be invasive or disrespectful of indigenous culture. Avoid supporting businesses or organizations that exploit indigenous communities for profit. If you have any concerns about the ethics of a particular activity, don’t hesitate to voice them.
Supporting Sustainable Tourism Initiatives
Look for tourism initiatives that are designed to benefit the local community and protect the environment. These initiatives often involve partnerships between indigenous organizations, government agencies, and tourism businesses.
By supporting sustainable tourism, you can help to ensure that tourism activities are conducted in a way that is respectful of indigenous culture and does not harm the environment. Some examples of sustainable tourism initiatives include community-based ecotourism projects, cultural immersion programs, and responsible trekking tours. Ask if the local communities actually benefit from the initiative, not just the businessmen/women who put it up.
Being Mindful of Your Environmental Impact
Protecting the environment is an integral part of respecting indigenous culture. The indigenous people of the Cordillera have a deep connection to the land, and their traditions are closely tied to the natural world.
Minimize your environmental impact by reducing your waste, conserving water and energy, and avoiding the use of harmful chemicals. Dispose of your trash properly and never litter. Respect wildlife and their habitats. Support businesses that are committed to environmental sustainability. Consider reducing your visit during peak season in Baguio to lessen your environmental impact.
Educating Yourself
Before you visit Baguio, take some time to educate yourself about the indigenous culture of the Cordillera. Read books, watch documentaries, and visit websites that provide accurate and respectful information.
Talk to locals and learn from their experiences. Ask questions about their traditions, beliefs, and challenges. Be open-minded and willing to learn. The more you know about the culture, the better equipped you will be to travel responsibly.
Challenging Stereotypes
Be aware of the stereotypes that exist about indigenous people and challenge them when you encounter them. Stereotypes can be harmful and perpetuate misinformation about indigenous culture.
Instead of relying on stereotypes, seek out accurate and authentic information. Learn about the diversity of indigenous cultures and recognize that each community has its own unique identity. Treat each person as an individual and avoid making assumptions about their culture or background.
Engaging with Local Communities
One of the best ways to show respect for indigenous culture is by engaging with local communities. Attend cultural events, visit local markets, and participate in community activities. When you interact with locals, be respectful and open-minded. Listen to their stories and learn from their experiences.
You can also support local organizations that are working to preserve indigenous culture and improve the lives of indigenous people. By getting involved in the community, you can make a positive impact and help to ensure that indigenous culture thrives for generations to come.
Staying Informed and Updated
The issues and challenges facing indigenous communities are constantly evolving. It’s important to stay informed about current events and trends that affect indigenous people.
Follow news outlets and organizations that report on indigenous issues. Attend workshops and conferences to learn about the latest developments. Be an advocate for indigenous rights and speak out against injustice. By staying informed and updated, you can be a more effective ally to indigenous communities.
Long-term Commitment
Respecting indigenous culture is not just something to do when you travel. It’s a long-term commitment to learning, understanding, and supporting indigenous people. By making this commitment, you can help to create a more just and equitable world for all.
Some words from a Kankanaey Elder:
“Kasatno tayu yaam ammuyo tan pansustine tayu isnan ili tako ay katutubo, ya adi tayu baybayaan isnan ugali tako.“
Translation: “How can we know and sustain our indigenous homeland, and not abandon our traditions.”
FAQ Section
Q: Is it okay to take photos of indigenous people in Baguio?
A: It’s always best to ask for permission before taking photos of anyone, especially in indigenous communities. Some people may not want to be photographed for cultural or personal reasons. Being respectful of their wishes is crucial.
Q: Where can I buy authentic indigenous crafts in Baguio?
A: Several places in Baguio sell indigenous crafts. The Public Market is a popular option, but ensure you’re buying directly from artisans if possible. Also, visit the Easter Weaving Room to view unique crafts from the Cordilleras and purchase souvenirs. You may want to check out other local cooperatives and organizations that directly support indigenous artisans. When buying, ask about the item’s origin and the artisan who made it to ensure its authenticity.
Q: What should I do if I accidentally offend someone from an indigenous community?
A: If you realize you’ve accidentally offended someone, apologize sincerely and explain that you didn’t intend to cause any harm. Be open to learning about what you did that was offensive and avoid repeating the mistake in the future. Often, a sincere apology and a willingness to learn can go a long way in repairing the relationship.
Q: Are there specific times of the year when it’s inappropriate to visit certain areas in Baguio?
A: Some areas may have restricted access during certain cultural events or ceremonies. It’s best to check with local tourism offices or community leaders to find out if there are any restrictions before planning your visit. Being aware of these times shows respect for their traditions and allows you to avoid unintentionally disrupting important events.
Q: How can I ensure my tourism activities benefit the local indigenous communities?
A: Choose tour operators that prioritize community-based tourism and employ local guides. Select accommodations that are locally owned and operated. Purchase goods and services from indigenous artisans and businesses. By making conscious choices about where you spend your money, you can ensure that your tourism activities directly benefit the local communities.
Q: Is learning phrases in the local dialect important?
A: Learning basic phrases in Ibaloi or Kankanaey is a sign of respect and genuine interest in the culture. It helps bridge communication gaps and shows that you’re making an effort to connect with the local people. Simple greetings like “good morning” or “thank you” can go a long way in building positive relationships.
References List
Here is a list of sources used to make this guide. This list won’t have live links, but if you search for the title, you’ll find the source.
- Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA) or Republic Act No. 8371
- Swidden Agriculture in Cordillera by IFRC
- National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP)
Ready to embark on a journey that’s not only breathtaking but also deeply respectful? Let’s make a conscious effort to honor the indigenous culture of Baguio and the Cordillera. By choosing responsible tourism, supporting local artisans, and educating ourselves, we can create a positive impact that lasts long after we leave. So, pack your bags with respect, understanding, and a genuine desire to connect—Baguio’s indigenous communities are waiting to share their rich heritage with you. Let’s travel responsibly and make every step count towards preserving their cultural legacy!
